Monera (sometimes referred to as Procaryotae) is the kingdom of organisms without a nucleus. That is, there are no internal membranes surrounding the genetic material. Such cells are called procaryotic. The kingdom is represented by the bacteria and the cyanobacteria.   Some bacteria survive by absorbing nutrients from the environment through cell membranes. Others can use light to create carbohydrates from carbon dioxide in a process called photosynthesis. Some bacteria are capable of doing both.  Some bacteria propel themselves with whip like flagella. However, these structures are too small to be seen with a light microscope unless special flagella stains are used.